Crimson Publishers-Material Science

  Abstract   Film Dosage forms [FD] prepared using water-soluble polysaccharides swell and transform into a gelatinous substance in an aqueous medium. In this study, we prepared FDs using pectin as the film base and modified them using additives such as chitosan. We then incorporated loratadine, an anti-allergic agent, into the FDs and investigated the film disintegration and drug dissolution profiles in a limited volume of aqueous medium. The FD swelled when it came in contact with physiological saline, leading to disintegration. The film disintegration rate decreased with increasing pectin concentration. However, the drug dissolution rate was not affected by the disintegration profile. The addition of chitosan to the film base decreased the drug dissolution rate, although the disintegration rate of the FD scarcely changed. Modifying the FD by adding chitin to the film base did not influence the drug dissolution rate. When the FD was soaked in artificial gastric juice, lorata...

  Abstract   There are many research papers on xEV battery recycling, but few on practice-based approaches. The practice case of recycling in Thailand showed that manufacturers could evaluate the quality of used batteries and sort them into rebuild, reuse, and recycle for efficient resource use. In particular, recycling xEV batteries has shown that CO2 emissions can be reduced to one-third by the current cases of pretreatment in Thailand and posttreatment in Japan. Furthermore, if it becomes possible to collect used batteries from neighboring countries and carry out smelting in Thailand in the future, it can be estimated that the current cases can be reduced to one-third. Finally, based on these results, policy implications are recommended. Read More About This Article: https://crimsonpublishers.com/rdms/fulltext/RDMS.000896.php Read More Crimson Publishers google Scholar Articles: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=HyV_IokAAAAJ&...

  Abstract   For devices and materials used in radiation environments, such as wall materials and divertors of high energy accelerator target systems under high intensity beams and fusion reactors in close proximity to high temperature plasmas, it is important to evaluate the integrity of the materials so that they can withstand large amounts of radiation and high heat loads. In this study, we investigated the irradiation resistance of a tungsten-based material, one of the candidate materials for such an environment, by mechanical alloying and high-temperature hydrostatic sintering of a high-strength W material with a grain size of 1-2μm and dispersed small titanium or titanium oxide nanoparticles. This material was irradiated up to 0.66 dpa at 500 °C. The hardness change by nanoindentation and the microstructure and atomic arrangement by scanning transmission electron microscopy were examined. Normally, this irradiation condition is known to cause significant irradiation hard...

  Opinion The growing concerns over climate change impacts have been driving the interest in the production of biomass derived polymers (e.g., polylactic acid) with applications in a range of sectors like building materials and packaging. Cellulose, first most abundantly available biopolymer in nature, has been used as a candidate feedstock to produce a range of biomass derived polymers. The high- quality polymer composites and functional polymeric materials can be synthesized using cellulose fibers, nanocellulose, and cellulose derivatives as fillers or matrices in bio composites materials, which is an efficient bio sustainable alternative to produce most petroleum-based polymers. However, the commercial production of cellulose derived biopolymers may face a strong competition from renewable fuel and chemical producers as these producers also use cellulose as a source of carbon to produce renewable fuels and chemicals in biorefineries. Read More About This Article: https://crimso...

 Abstract Researchers have been working on formulating Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) composites that are economical, eco-friendly, and waste absorbent. Incorporating agricultural/ industrial waste into the construction industry as fibre-reinforced composites is a novel research field that can recycle and convert waste into valuable supplementary materials. In this study, concrete composites with fibres of coconut coir (COF), wheat straw (WSF), and shredded fibres from waste plastic bottles (PETF) were evaluated and compared against the established use of polypropylene fibres (PPF) and steel fibres (SF). The study’s objectives were set to attain the strength of 32-40MPa (C32/40 European grade) for using these waste fibres as alternatives in FRC. A concrete mix ratio of 1:2:3 with 1-2% waste fibres (COF & PETF), 1-2% PPFC and 10% & 17% steel fibres were used to produce cubes, cylinders, and prisms for testing on 7 and 28 days for evaluation of compressive, spli...

  Abstract There are numerous studies to understand the corrosion behaviors of AZ series Mg alloys and the results on the role of β phase in the corrosion of the AZ series Mg alloys are yet contradictory. In the literature, the β phase inhibits the corrosion by barrier effect or vice versa promotes corrosion by micro galvanic coupling. This review focuses on the influence of micro alloying elements and the solidification rate on the β phase morphology, affecting the corrosion behavior of AZ series Mg alloys. Additionally, the oxide film-β phase relationship on the surface of the alloys also has been evaluated on their corrosion properties.   The review showed that the contradictory evaluations of the researchers about why the β phase prevents corrosion with the barrier effect or vice versa, why the β phase increases corrosion with micro galvanic coupling, attributed to variations in the production methods and related β phase morphology in micro structure. Read More About This ...

  Abstract One of the 12 principles of Green Chemistry is the use of catalysts in preference to stoichiometric reagents to enhance the atom economy and yield of chemical reactions. Oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds is an industrially important reaction as it yields useful by products. Environmentally hazardous metal ions like Cr(VI), Os(VIII) and Ru in different oxidation states have been routinely used to catalyse the oxidation of alcohols. As a green initiative, we have used the relatively inexpensive and less harmful transition metal ions to catalyse the oxidation of alcohols used in the manufacture of perfumes and fragrances. This paper reports the kinetic study of the oxidation of the unsaturated primary perfumery alcohol, Cinnamyl alcohol by Ce(IV) in acidic medium. The oxidation was carried out under first order kinetic conditions with respect to Ce(IV) at different temperatures. From the variation of oxidation rate with temperature, the thermodyn...

  Introduction Additive manufacturing has changed the whole layout of the manufacturing industry with its layer-by-layer approach. With the help of this technique, the fabrication of complex and intricate parts in the different industries was possible in less time and reduced portfolio costs. A lot of research is going on in the scientific community for the fabrication of metal parts using additive manufacturing. Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) techniques are coming up with a method to fabricate complex intricate and large-scale metal structures. Many countries like India are focused on developing this technology. It is believed by many experts that the proper development of AM infrastructure in India is very fruitful for the nation’s economic and technological growth. In 2020, the Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi, launched “Atmanirbhar Bharat,” for the country to become self-reliant. Various measures have been proposed in this area to increase efficiency, competitive...

  Abstract The use of very fine cement grouts for injection into fine-to-medium sands has been proposed to circumvent problems associated with the permanence and toxicity of chemical grouts and the inability of ordinary cement grouts to permeate soil formations finer than coarse sand. Τhe rheological properties of a cement suspension grout significantly determine the success of an injection especially in those cases where geometric constraints do not arise from the size relationship between soil voids and suspension solids. For this reason, it is considered necessary to determine the rheological characteristics of the suspensions during the design phase of an injection program, so as to select the optimal suspensions on a case-by-case basis. In general, determining the rheological behavior of a cement suspension is not an easy task as there are many factors that intervene in it and have opposite effects. In this paper information is given regarding the effect of these factors on th...

Short Communication Metal oxides were widely used in the domains of materials, physics, and chemistry and have been extensively used in catalysts, fuel cells, piezoelectric materials, sensor materials, and optical components. Among various metal oxides, CeO2 is one of the extensively applied and discussed. It has a face-centered cubic structure with a high melting point (2400-2700 ℃) and possesses remarkable properties such as the number of effective redox Ce3+/Ce4+ sites and their ability to exchange oxygen [1]. Therefore, it has good optical properties, thermal stability and electrical conductivity, and oxygen storage function [2,3]. For instance, the optical property of UV-vis spectroscopy for the CeO2 nanoparticles exhibits a blue shift with respect to the bulk material due to quantum confinement, which have two limiting case, depending on the ratio of the crystallite radius to the effective Bohr radius of the electron-hole pair [4]. Therefore, the crystal size and energy gap measu...