The Solid-State Hard-Ball Model and Young’s Modulus: Crimson Publishers
The Solid-State Hard-Ball Model and Young’s Modulus by Swe-Kai Chen* in in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Tungsten is a ferri-type paramagnetic metal in that its paramagnetism obeys the Neél ferrimagnetic formula in fitting susceptibility data χ from low of 5K to high of 300K [1] and 1800K [2]. The magnetic susceptibility data of VI B elements, Cr, Mo, and W are increasing with temperature, quite different from that of V B elements, V, Nb, and Ta that have decreasing trend with temperature [3]. This means that the electronic configurations of elements play important role in their properties, e.g., Young’s moduli of VI B are greater than that of V B. χ inverse is equal to the inverse of the diamagnetic χ Curie [1], plus the inverse of the paramagnetic χ Pauli, and plus the inverse of the diamagnetic χ lattice/phonon. The inverse of the diamagnetic χCurie has the form of T/C where T is in K, and the negative C is also in K; the inverse of the paramagnetic χPauli is independent of T, and hence a constant; while the inverse of the diamagnetic χlattice/phonon has the form of -b/(T–θp) in which b and θp are respectively positive and negative parameters. According to the above discussion, for W χ increases with T, the inverse of χ decreases with T, therefore χCurie-diamagnetic dominates χ since it is a negative value; while for V B elements χlattice/phonon dominates χ.
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