Probabilistic Mechanics of Quasibrittle Structures: Strength, Lifetime and Size Effect-Crimson Publishers

Probabilistic Mechanics of Quasibrittle Structures:Strength, Lifetime and Size Effect by Zdeněk P BažantandJia-LiangLe in Research& Development in Material Science

Quasibrittle materials are becoming increasingly important for modern engineering. They include tough (coarse-grained) or toughened ceramics, concretes, rocks (including shale), fiber composites, sea ice, wood, carton, stiff soils, rigid foams, glass, bone, dental and biomaterials, as well as all brittle materials on the micro or nano scale. Their salient feature is that the fracture process zone size is non-negligible compared to the structural dimensions. This causes intricate energetic and statistical size effects and leads to size-dependent probability distribution of strength that is transitional between Gaussian and Weibullian. At the failure probability of 1 in a million, which is the maximum tolerable as it is orders of magnitude smaller than other risks to which people are willingly exposed, the strength difference between the Gaussian and Weibull distributions is enormous-almost 2:1. At this probability level, the strength distribution cannot be tested directly and requires a fundamental theory, whose experimental verification can be obtained through the predicted size effect. The size effect on strength statistics, a quintessential property of quasibrittle materials, has profound implications for reliabilitybased structural design, in which the widely used reliability indices and safety factors need to be modified to incorporate the size dependence.

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